New work by Carlos Alberto Argüelles-Delgado of Harvard University and colleagues shows that atmospheric neutrino experiments, once pivotal in the discovery of neutrino oscillation, can still play a key role in answering those questions. These experiments have significantly advanced our understanding of neutrino oscillations but haven’t yet solved two important related questions regarding the ordering of neutrino masses and possible violations by neutrinos of a fundamental symmetry known as charge-parity ( CP) symmetry. Increasingly accurate experiments also involved artificial neutrino sources such as accelerators and nuclear reactors. In 1998, researchers discovered this beyond-standard-model neutrino-oscillation phenomenon using neutrinos from natural sources-Earth’s atmosphere and the Sun. Produced with a certain leptonic flavor (electron, muon, or tau), neutrinos can change their flavor as they travel through space. APS/ Alan Stonebraker Figure 1: Measurement of atmospheric neutrinos could help solve one of the outstanding mysteries of neutrino physics-the ordering of the masses of the three neutrino mass eigenstates ( □ 1, □ 2, and □ 3).
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